Coke-oven.



F. PEiTER.

COKE OVEN,

APPLICATION m; SEPT. n. 191a.

Patented May 21,1918.

3 SHEETS-SHEET F. PEITER.

COKE OVEN.

AFPUCMION FILED SEPT. n. 1915.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2- Patented May 21,1918.

FREEDEBLEUEK WE CLEVELMYD, @HIQ.

quiz/Forges totem-cation of letters Peitented may 9 h onlioetion filed fieptemher 11, 181 .43. Serial isle. 119,35fi. To all whom it may concern: oven fines are constructed. This or v Be it known that I, Fnnonnroni PETER? a citizen of the United States, residing et Cleveland, in the county of Cuyehoge and e State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Coke-Ovens; oft which the following is, a full, clear, and E111" act description, reference being had to the accompanying drewings.

This invention relates generally to coke ovens of the iroduct type, and comprehends a ncv orzn of combustion flue construction by means of which uniformity of heating of the ovens is attained.

' An object of the invention is to provide an oven in which it is possible to maintain a flame of practically the some length as the combustion flue, and which produces and distributes the heat substantially uniformly throughout the length of the due. llt is a further object of the invention to so con-- trol the combustion as to prevent the K113311301 mum combustion temperature from. resching the fusion temperature of the oven structure and to maintain the fines at practically this combustion temperature for their entire lengths to the end that the coking is accomplished at a, uniformly high rate of speed over the entire area of the oven and that at to better and more uniform grade of coke is produced in e shorter time than heretofore.

With these broad objects in'view end with certain other objects which will become apparent as the description proceeds the invention consists in the novel form of construction hereinafter fully described end pointed out in the claims.

In order to more readily understand the merits of theinvention the following closer vetions are made concerning the yreeent status of the coke making art.

It has been the practice to use combustion fines of e considerable length introducing gas and highly preheated air at one end thereof in the proper proportions toproduce complete combustion, and allowing the prodnets of combustion to puss out through at checkerwork connected to the opposite end. This operation is reverse at intervals, the gas and air being introduced during each i zoperation through the checkerwork heated by the escaping products of combustion of the immediately, previous operation. The

'maximumterfiperature of combustion under these oonditionsis higher then the suite ternpereture of the refractories of which the has accordingly resulted in such 2, hi pereture in e zone near the burner fuse the brick if not very carefully loted; a. lower temperature neer tlie oer of the due; end it much lower to operate near the opposite end. This is l cien't method of operation that while the temperature 21 is dangerously high, the temp balance of iiue is much lo should be. it is evident t z results would he secured if the of the flue near the burner a temperature below e fire brick, the of" and the tempera of flue mode higher, it

such conditions, dong ture would, he pm cool would co rote of cold the accompanying port of this. specification form of coke oven for CMTVE'P" vcntion. the drawings plan of one-half of I o other half being broken away the line irl of 3; tion on the staggered line E it oi? and Fig. 3 is a section on the 3- oil-Fig, l,

Referring to the drawing 5 e series of vertical which. municetio-n the regen tore 1C, are oi any approved cor tween these vertical flu-es comhustion fines it, 2, 3

four as shown, each v i s f alternately as an inlet receive heated air e, regeneretor en 7 as an outlet or pessegewey the burned gases pass to re The preheated sir passes up througn ternete fine 5, on reaching the vides, one hell? going into eech of the adj scent groups of The sir passes in a. horizontal direction, as indicated it 6, into the top of the first of the four combustion flues of each of the adjacent series which,- in the drawing, is designatedl,. and where so; proximately one half enough combustible gas to setisifythe passing air is introduced through the prime-y humor 7. The air and 11s gas ess down through the first due 1, cont hustion taking place during the passage down the fine and up through fine 2. On account of the excess of air, the temperature produced by the combustion is lower than it would be if the air and gas were mixed in the proper ratio for complete combustion. As it is desirable to burn all of the gas introduced by burner 7 before it reaches the top of flue 2, the bottoms of the fines 1 and 2, where they unite, are shaped to produce eddies as indicated at 8, and a baffle 9 is arranged about midway the height of each flue 2. The thorough mixing of the gas and air by these eddies accelerates the combustion and production of heat at these points and insures the complete combustion of the gas from burner 7 before it arrives at the top of flue 2.

From line 2 the burned gas and the extra supply of air pass horizontally, as indicated at 11, into the top of flue 3, where an additional amount of gas is introduced through the burner 12, this additional gas being introduced in a sufficient quantity to com pletely combine with and satisfy the free air present at that point with the result that a second combustion occurs. This second coinbustion takes place down flue 3 and up flue l, but in flue 3 there is also preferably arranged a baiile 9, at the proper point, for the purpose of accelerating the combustion so that by the time the gases have passed baiiie 9, and have been further mixed in their passage from fine 3 to flue l the combustion will be complete on arrival of the gases at the top of flue 4:. From lines of each series, the burned gases pass out through the horizontal passageway 6 communicating with the adjacent vertical line 5, which, in the presen" operation, carries the products of combustion to the regenerator; and which, upon a reversal of the operation, acts to conduct preheated air from the regenerator into the series of combustion flues.

The temperature which a gas can produce in burning dependsupon the heat value of the gas, the specific heat of the gas mixture in which it is burned, the mass of this mix ture and the rate at which the heat is taken away from this mixture by the walls of the combustion chamber. The introduction of the excess of air at the primary burner and the presence of the waste gases from. the first combustion at the secondary burner there fore reduce and accurately control the temperature at these points thereby preventing overheating and at the same time permitting a temperature high enough for satisfactory coking.

A careful consideration of the dynamics of the combustion of gas will serve to make clear the cause of the even heating which results from this arrangement. Since the air is preheated to beyond the kindling point of the combustible gas, as soon as a molecule of this gas comes in contact with a molecule of the oxygen combustion takes place. The rate of combustion will therefore depend upon the rate of the mixing of the active gases. In other words it will follow the well 1 known law of mass action. This is true when the air and gas enter the chamber at the same lineal velocity and any relative change in the velocity of either will hasten this rate as will also anything causing a swirl, such as a baiile or change of direction.

The law of mass action is logarithmic, z. e. the rate of burning is slower as the burning gas gets farther from the burner, the rate changing in a logarithmic curve. It is evident thenefore that under the old method thd combustion is at first intense and then rapidly weakens. By my: method, the temperature near the f rst burner is controlled by the excess of air and near the second burner by a dilution with the products of combustion from the first combustion. The flame length is greater in the last case as a direct result of this dilution and in both cases the temperature curve is made much flatter on account of the much greater amount of the gas mixture and its hi -h rate of travel, and by the two flames conibined I am able to main tain a much more uniform temperature throughout the entire length of the flue and a temperature at the points of reatest in tensity below the temperature of the fusion of the flue walls. Since the flue walls receive by far the greater part of their heat by radiation from the incandescent gas mix turc, it is important to note that the rate at which two hot bodies exchange heat by radiation is proportional to the fourth powers of their absolute temperatures. From which it is evident that, while some loss is experienced due to the reduction of temperature at the maximum points, this is necessary for the safety of the structure and this 10% is far more than regained by the distribution of the high temperature over a eater proportion of the total length of t e flue.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In a coke oveh, combustion fines arranged in groups of four and in serpentine order, a fiue having communication with a regenerator and adapted to convey preheated air to the combustion flues, means for supplying combustible gases at corresponding portions of the first and third lines, and a flue communicating with the fourth flue of each group and leading to a regenerator.

2. in a coke oven, combustlon flues arranged in groups of four in serpentine order, a flue communicating with each group of four and adapted to supply preheated air thereto, means for supplying combustible gas to each group at spaced points and bafies arranged m the second and third flue of each group, and fiues communicating with each group and leading to a regenerator.

v, adapteci to deliver preheated. air to fine of each group, means for incing ccmbustibie gases at the top of 15 ,hvey prehewfic each first flue, as. mafia in the second flue of f0: supeach group, means for intmducing gas at top cf the the top of the third flue of each group, and

I ccmmunicai a mafia locmted in said thirdfiue and a flue ing a I ,I gmup and coxmmunicating wi'sbh the fourth flue of each 20 ieaccing 50 3 a group and ieadiing to a regenerator.

c in Q bustier: fines ar- En tesbimcny whereof I hereuntoafix my z'ange in groups n serpenthze 030- signature ler, flue 130mm" with 'egemera FREDERICK PEITER. 

